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National Rural Health Mission (NRHM)

The National Rural Health Mission (NRHM), now under National Health Mission is an initiative undertaken by the government of India to address the health needs of under-served rural areas. Launched in April 2005 by Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh, the NRHM was initially tasked with addressing the health needs of 18 states that had been identified as having weak public health indicators.Under the NRHM, the Empowered Action Group (EAG) States as well as North Eastern States, Jammu and Kashmir and Himachal Pradesh have been given special focus. The thrust of the mission is on establishing a fully functional, community owned, decentralized health delivery system with inter-sectoral convergence at all levels, to ensure simultaneous action on a wide range of determinants of health such as water, sanitation, education, nutrition, social and gender equality. Institutional integration within the fragmented health sector was expected to provide a focus on outcomes, measured against Indian Public Health Standards for all health facilities.

Some of the major initiatives under National Health Mission (NHM) are as follows:

Accredited Social Health Activists
Rogi Kalyan Samiti (Patient Welfare Committee) / Hospital Management Society
Untied Grants to Sub-Centres

Central Government Health Scheme (CGHS)

The Central Government Health Scheme (CGHS) was started under the Indian Ministry of Health and Family Welfare in 1954 with the objective of providing comprehensive medical care facilities to Central Government employees, pensioners and their dependents residing in CGHS covered cities.

It includes schemes such as:

and more, which are aimed at improving the country’s health and economic development.

CANCER AWARENESS PROGRAMMES

Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide. It accounts for 7.4 million deaths (around 13% of all deaths) in 2004. Cancer often creates fear which comes out of ignorance and misconception. More than 30% of cancer cases could be prevented by modifying lifestyle or avoiding key risk factors. About 1/3rd of cancer cases could be reduced if cases are treated and detected at an early stage.

Objectives of the Cancer Awareness and Educational Programmes:

To create awareness of the disease.
To help people recognize the early signs and symptoms of cancer, thus enabling them to seek treatment at an early stage. The programme encourages the participants to seek prompt medical attention for symptoms which may include lumps, sores, bleeding, hoarseness, weight loss and persistent indigestion/cough/pain, etc.
To educate people about the key risk factors of cancer since more than 30% of cancer cases could be prevented by modifying lifestyle or avoiding the key risk factors.
To inform people about the importance of cancer check-ups at an early stage.

These help citizens become aware of the importance of battling cancer. Various NGOs like the Indian Cancer Society, the Cpaa etc. have been working towards eradicating this disease from our country.

Health Promotion

Health promotion is “the process of enabling people to increase control over their health and its determinants, and thereby improve their health”, according to the World Health Organization‘s (WHO) 2005 Bangkok Charter for Health Promotion in a Globalized World.

Health promotion involves public policy that addresses health determinants such as income, housing, food security, employment, and quality working conditions. More recent work has used the term Health in All Policies to refer to the actions to incorporate health into all public policies. Health promotion is aligned with health equity and can be a focus of NGOs dedicated to social justice or human rights. Health literacy can be developed in schools, while aspects of health promotion such as breastfeeding promotion can depend on laws and rules of public spaces. Health promotion is focused on preventative healthcare rather than a medical model of curative care.